Endings & grammar
Attach to a verb or adjective to set meaning and tone
I'll ... (casual promise about your own action)
금방 갈게. 조금만 기다려.— I'll be there soon. Just wait a bit.
내가 설거지할게. 너는 쉬어.— I'll do the dishes. You rest.
of course / you know (casual shared knowledge, mild reproach)
당연히 알지. 내가 왜 몰라?— Of course I know. Why wouldn't I?
그렇게 하면 안 되지.— You shouldn't do it like that.
let's not ... (casual)
오늘은 술 마시지 말자.— Let's not drink tonight.
그 얘기는 이제 하지 말자.— Let's not talk about that anymore.
I found out that ... (sharing your own experience)
직접 가 보니까 생각보다 가깝더라고요.— I went myself and it turned out to be closer than I thought.
그 약 먹으니까 좀 낫더라고.— I took that medicine and felt better.
as soon as (written style)
문이 열리자 사람들이 한꺼번에 들어갔어요.— As soon as the door opened, everyone went in at once.
내 이름을 부르자 그가 뒤를 돌아봤다.— The moment I called his name, he turned around.
it was ... and then (sure enough) ...
아침부터 하늘이 흐리더니 결국 비가 왔어요.— The sky was cloudy from the morning, and sure enough it rained.
그렇게 무리하더니 결국 병이 났네.— You pushed yourself that hard, and now you're sick.
I did ... and (as a result) ...
아침을 안 먹었더니 힘이 하나도 없어요.— I skipped breakfast, and now I have no energy at all.
전화했더니 벌써 퇴근했다더라.— I called, and they said he'd already left work.
since it looked/was ..., I ... (spoken reason for one's action)
너무 맛있어 보이길래 하나 사 왔어요.— It looked so good that I bought one.
밖이 춥길래 두껍게 입고 나왔어.— It was cold out, so I bundled up before leaving.
since / as (formal written reason)
날씨가 좋기에 잠시 산책을 했습니다.— The weather was nice, so I took a short walk.
급한 일이기에 먼저 연락드렸습니다.— As it was urgent, I contacted you first.
as long as (ongoing condition)
규칙을 지키는 한 문제 될 게 없습니다.— As long as you follow the rules, there'll be no problem.
네가 포기하지 않는 한 기회는 또 와.— As long as you don't give up, another chance will come.
but / although (formal written)
값은 비싸나 품질은 확실합니다.— It is expensive, but the quality is certain.
노력했으나 결과는 좋지 않았다.— I tried hard, but the result wasn't good.
even if / even though (hypothetical, emphatic)
비가 오더라도 행사는 그대로 진행합니다.— Even if it rains, the event will go ahead as planned.
아무리 바쁘더라도 밥은 먹어야지.— No matter how busy you are, you have to eat.
after doing ... (emphasizing completion first)
손을 씻고서 밥을 먹었어요.— I washed my hands and then ate.
다 듣고서 얘기해도 늦지 않아.— It's not too late to speak after you've heard it all.
was ...-ing and then (switched / ended up)
집에 가다가 편의점에 들렀어요.— On my way home I stopped by the convenience store.
그렇게 뛰다가 넘어진다.— Run like that and you'll fall.
did ... and then (undid / changed course)
창문을 열었다가 추워서 다시 닫았어요.— I opened the window, then closed it again because it was cold.
옷을 샀다가 마음에 안 들어서 환불했어.— I bought the clothes, then returned them because I didn't like them.
to the point that / so much that
눈물이 날 정도로 매웠어요.— It was spicy enough to bring tears to my eyes.
목이 쉴 정도로 소리를 질렀다.— I screamed until my voice went hoarse.
instead of / in exchange for
택시를 타는 대신에 걸어서 갔어요.— Instead of taking a taxi, I walked.
값이 싼 대신에 배송이 좀 느려.— It's cheap, but in exchange the delivery is a bit slow.
as much as / in proportion to
준비를 많이 한 만큼 결과도 좋았어요.— We prepared a lot, and the results were correspondingly good.
값이 비싼 만큼 오래 쓸 수 있어.— It's expensive, but you can use it for that much longer.
because / therefore (formal)
오늘은 공휴일이므로 은행은 문을 닫습니다.— Today is a public holiday, so the bank is closed.
안전이 최우선이므로 반드시 장갑을 착용하십시오.— Safety comes first, so you must wear gloves.
only if / unless you ... (necessary condition)
예약을 해야 들어갈 수 있어요.— You can only get in if you have a reservation.
네가 가야 나도 가지.— I'll go only if you go.
far from ...; let alone ...
쉬기는커녕 밥도 못 먹었어요.— Far from resting, I didn't even get to eat.
칭찬은커녕 혼만 났어.— Instead of praise, I just got scolded.
whereas / on the other hand
도시는 편리한 반면에 물가가 비싸요.— The city is convenient, but on the other hand prices are high.
형은 조용한 반면에 동생은 활발하다.— The older brother is quiet, whereas the younger one is lively.
because of all the (commotion of) ... (negative result)
아이가 우는 통에 한숨도 못 잤어요.— With the baby crying, I couldn't sleep a wink.
사람들이 밀치는 통에 지갑을 잃어버렸다.— In all the shoving, I lost my wallet.
because of / owing to (negative cause, blaming)
늦게 출발한 탓에 기차를 놓쳤어요.— Because we left late, I missed the train.
비가 많이 온 탓에 행사가 취소됐다.— Because of the heavy rain, the event was cancelled.
thanks to (positive cause)
도와주신 덕분에 잘 끝났습니다.— Thanks to your help, it went well.
네가 알려 준 덕분에 안 늦었어.— Thanks to you telling me, I wasn't late.
even after / and yet
약속을 하고도 나타나지 않았어요.— He made the promise and yet never showed up.
다 알고도 모르는 척했어.— She knew everything and still pretended not to.
while / in the time that (something happened unnoticed)
잠깐 자리를 비운 사이에 소포가 왔어요.— While I stepped out for a moment, a package arrived.
내가 씻는 사이에 다들 나갔더라.— While I was showering, everyone had left.
if you want to / in order to ...
시청에 가려면 여기서 갈아타세요.— If you want to go to City Hall, transfer here.
살을 빼려면 저녁을 적게 먹어야 해.— If you want to lose weight, you have to eat less at dinner.
was about to ... but (changed one's mind)
전화하려다가 너무 늦어서 그만뒀어요.— I was going to call, but it was too late so I didn't.
나가려다가 비가 와서 다시 앉았어.— I was about to go out, but it started raining so I sat back down.
whether to ... or not (hesitating)
갈까 말까 아직 고민 중이에요.— I'm still deciding whether to go or not.
말할까 말까 한참 망설였어.— I hesitated for a long time over whether to say it.
now that / as long as it is the case that
시작한 이상 끝까지 해야죠.— Now that we've started, we have to finish it.
계약한 이상 마음대로 바꿀 수 없습니다.— Now that a contract is signed, it can't be changed at will.
as / just like
아시듯이 이번 일은 쉽지 않습니다.— As you know, this task isn't easy.
물 쓰듯이 돈을 쓰면 안 돼.— You shouldn't spend money like water.
-ly (manner) / so that (result)
좀 조용하게 말해 주세요.— Please speak a bit more quietly.
뒤에서도 보이게 크게 써 줘.— Write it big so people in the back can see it too.
rather than ... (I'd sooner)
기다리느니 차라리 걸어가는 게 낫겠어요.— Rather than wait, I'd sooner just walk.
이렇게 사느니 그만두는 게 낫다.— Rather than live like this, it's better to quit.
keeps ...-ing (annoyingly, repeatedly)
옆집 개가 밤새 짖어 댔어요.— The neighbor's dog kept barking all night.
그만 좀 웃어 대라, 창피해.— Stop laughing like that, it's embarrassing.
ended up ...-ing (regret) / will definitely ... (resolve)
결국 지갑을 잃어버리고 말았어요.— In the end I lost my wallet after all.
이번에는 꼭 합격하고 말겠다.— This time I'm definitely going to pass.
pretend to ...
못 들은 척하고 그냥 지나갔어요.— I pretended not to hear and just walked past.
아는 척하지 마. 나도 다 알아.— Don't act like you know. I know it all too.
it's only natural that ...; bound to
처음에는 누구나 실수하기 마련이에요.— Everyone makes mistakes at first, that's natural.
시간이 지나면 잊히기 마련이다.— As time passes, things are bound to be forgotten.
there's no way that ...
그 사람이 거짓말할 리가 없어요.— There's no way he would lie.
이 시간에 문을 열 리가 없지.— There's no way it's open at this hour.
you're likely to end up ... (bad outcome)
급하게 먹으면 체하기 십상이에요.— If you eat in a rush, you'll easily get an upset stomach.
그렇게 대충 하면 다시 하기 십상이야.— If you do it that sloppily, you'll likely have to redo it.
on top of / besides being ...
값도 싼 데다가 맛까지 좋아요.— It's cheap, and on top of that it tastes good.
비가 오는 데다가 바람도 세게 불었다.— It was raining, and on top of that the wind was strong.
while I'm at it / since I'm already ...-ing
나가는 김에 우유도 사 올게요.— Since I'm going out anyway, I'll pick up milk too.
온 김에 차 한잔 하고 가.— Since you're here, have a cup of tea before you go.
half-heartedly, barely doing it
아침을 먹는 둥 마는 둥 하고 나왔어요.— I barely touched my breakfast and left.
대답을 하는 둥 마는 둥 하더라.— He answered only half-heartedly.
for fear that / in case ...
늦을까 봐 택시를 탔어요.— I took a taxi in case I'd be late.
네가 걱정할까 봐 말 안 했어.— I didn't tell you because I was afraid you'd worry.
it all depends on how you ...
같은 재료라도 만들기 나름이에요.— Even with the same ingredients, it depends on how you cook.
행복은 생각하기 나름이다.— Happiness depends on how you think about it.
it amounts to / practically counts as
이만큼 했으면 다 한 셈이에요.— If we've done this much, it's practically finished.
왕복이면 두 시간 걸린 셈이지.— Round trip, that counts as two hours.
to the point of / on the verge of (hardship)
너무 바빠서 밥 먹을 시간도 없을 지경이에요.— I'm so busy I hardly have time to eat.
다리가 아파서 못 걸을 지경이다.— My legs hurt so much I can barely walk.
I can only ... / that is all (formal)
도와주셔서 감사할 따름입니다.— I can only thank you for your help.
저는 최선을 다할 따름입니다.— All I can do is my best.
only / nothing more than
저는 그냥 물어봤을 뿐이에요.— I only asked, that's all.
그저 운이 좋았을 뿐이다.— I was just lucky, that's all.
often / habitually ends up ...-ing (bad)
요즘은 약속을 잊기 일쑤예요.— These days I often forget appointments.
그 버스는 늦게 오기 일쑤다.— That bus is habitually late.